2009, for example), studies tend to rely on anecdote rather than rigorous systematic research that is typical in the study of the volume crime offender. Much of this problem stems from a distinct lack of data. Despite this heterogeneity in outcome, studies tend to treat all organized criminals equally and do not disaggregate on the dependent variable. money launderer, trafficker, enforcer and so on). leader/follower, violent/non-violent) and across a number of offence-specific roles (e.g. The umbrella category of ‘organized criminal’ subsumes many types of offender that can be dichotomized in a number of ways (e.g. Our empirical understanding of the pathways into organized crime is limited in two large ways: (a) its homogenous treatment of offenders and (b) access to relevant data. Specifically, it is theorised that the circumstances in how ‘joiners’ become engaged in OC represents a ‘contagion process’. Additionally, the new knowledge may be instrumental for building theories of OC engagement. The current study provides preliminary findings which increase academic and practical understanding of the OC fraternity, but also the findings offer a basis on which to target legal interventions. Both groups however, directly engaged through social dynamics. It was concluded that ‘founders’ were influenced by short-term criminal opportunities and economic considerations towards OC engagement, whilst ‘joiners’ were impacted more so by long-term social dynamics arising from ties and exposure to OC, such as one’s parents being engaged in OC. The results revealed that measures pertaining to risk-factors, criminal trajectories, turning points, criminal motivations and social influences in engagement statistically differed between the groups. Quantitative analysis was used to identify significant differences in the engagement processes between OC offenders who join (‘joiners’) or form (‘founders’) an OC operation. A content analysis was undertaken on the auto/biographies of one-hundred OC offenders to collect data on engagement processes. In recent years research on OC has increased, however there is still little understanding of how individuals become engaged in OC, and specifically whether differences exist in engagement patterns between certain groups of OC offenders. This paper outlines research on the engagement processes and pathways into organised crime (OC).
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